A collection in two books of church regulations claiming to be from the mouth of Christ and written down by Clement of Rome. The work ( CPG 1743) was originally written in Greek (of this only parts survive); Cappadocia, Syria, and Palestine (thus Kohlbacher) have all been suggested as its place of origin; Rahmani dated it to the 2nd cent. but more recently the late 4th (White) and the late 5th cent. (Kohlbacher) have both been suggested. The translation into Syriac was made in 686/7 by ‘the poor Yaʿqub’ who is usually identified as Yaʿqub of Edessa . The work contains three different elements: a short apocalypse at the beginning; material going back to the ‘Apostolic Tradition’ attributed to Hippolytus ; and descriptions of liturgical usage (including a complete initiation rite [II.5–10], as well as a number of prayers for different occasions). The third element may portray an ideal rather than any local reality. The apocalypse was perhaps added and composed by the translator (thus Drijvers). The Testament was taken over in an abbreviated form in the Syr. Orth. ‘Synodicon’ in ms. Damascus Patr. 8/11. In Arabic and Ethiopic it forms part of the ‘Octateuch of Clement’.